Comparison Chart: Historical Foundations of Philosophies in Education

This table shows the different Philosophies of Education, the main concept,aims of education, role of teachers and methodology used in specific philosophy.

	Main  Concepts	Aim of Education	Role of Teachers	Methodology/ Strategy in Education
Realism	- must be proven through scientific experimentation.	-This emphasizes the subject to study nature systematically. Subject matter of physical world: science, math	The teacher should present the content systematically and organized way and teach that there are clearly defined criteria for making judgements in art, economics and others.	-Teaching methods focus on mastery of basic skills through demonstration individually and recitation.
Idealism	Ideas are the only true reality	The aim of education especially associated with idealism is the exhalation of personality or self-realization it is the making actual or real personalities of the self.	-  Teachers mostly teach the absolute truth of the subject matter.	The strategy used is the Socratic methods, we learned through questioning.
Pragmatism/ Empiricism	Truth is what works  in the real world.	This focuses on solving problems including social problems.	Teachers guided the students in applying their knowledge to real life situations through their own survey or experiments.	It focuses in problem solving and hands-on activities.
Perennialism	Ideas that have lasted over centuries like history and literature.	It focuses on students learn from reading and analyzing the works by history's finest thinkers and writers. The perennialist curriculum is universal and is based on their view that all human beings possess the same essential nature.	-teachers are the one who spoon feed the knowledge to the learners. Instructor/ teacher would use religious books and historical documents.	They emphasize that students should not be taught information that may soon be outdated or found to be incorrect. Perennialists disapprove of teachers requiring students to absorb massive amounts of disconnected information.
Essentialism	Basic knowledge is taught to the students. It focuses on the traditional subjects like, reading, science and writing.	The aim of education is to instill to the minds of the students the most essential or basic academic knowledge and skills and character development.	Teachers should try to embed traditional moral values and virtues such as respect for authority, perseverance, fidelity to duty, consideration for others, and practicality and intellectual knowledge that students need to become model citizens	It is the lecture base method or the traditional one. The students will just sit on their chairs and wait for the discussion of the teacher.